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RSA-227 for FY-2025: Submission #44

Pennsylvania
09/30/2025
General Information
Designated Agency Identification
Center for Disability Law and Policy
101 Greenwood Ave.
Ste.470
Jenkintown
PA
19046
http://equalemployment.org
2155577112
18887452357
18887452357
Operating Agency (if different from Designated Agency)
Additional Information
Stephen S Pennington
Andrew Pennington
2155577528
andrew@equalemployment.org
Part I. Non-case Services
A. Information and Referral Services (I&R)
670
20
0
9
110
59
868
B. Training Activities
23
246
Pennsylvania Client Assistance Program (CAP) participated in training activities involving the Pennsylvania Office of Vocational Rehabilitation (OVR) district offices and Pennsylvania cyber charter schools. The Cyber Charter school training efforts promoted awareness of client rights, informed choice, and the availability of vocational rehabilitation (VR) services and Pre-Employment Transition Services (Pre-ETS) for students with disabilities enrolled in cyber charter schools. The training to district offices and cyber charter schools clarified CAP’s roles related to referral, service coordination, confidentiality, and documentation, and supported consistent practices. Training participants included OVR vocational rehabilitation counselors, students with disabilities and youth with disabilities as defined under WIOA, as well as family members and cyber charter school personnel involved in transition planning. CAP observed that these activities strengthened interagency collaboration and helped promote equitable access to VR services for transition-aged students. Some of the district offices included the Allentown, Reading and Norristown.
C. Agency Outreach
CAP implemented a targeted outreach initiative to strengthen connections with organizations serving individuals with disabilities across both rural and urban communities. As part of this effort, CAP distributed informational bookmarks and shared guidance on its role within the Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) process, helping individuals and service providers better understand available advocacy supports.

CAP engaged with a diverse range of organizations, including CIS, ACHIEVA, CBVI, Vision Resources, Philly Phorum, Magee, Beechwood, NeuroRestorative, Central IU 10, Inglis Community Services, PIC, the SIERRA Group, Gaudenzia House, and Invest CAP. Outreach also included collaboration with individual professionals, such as Dr. Macey, a psychologist with PCOM.

In addition to direct engagement, CAP encouraged organizations and stakeholders to access further information and resources through its website and Facebook page.

CAP sustained its outreach and advocacy efforts through active participation on numerous boards, committees, councils, and customer groups. These included the Pennsylvania State Board of Vocational Rehabilitation, the Pennsylvania Rehabilitation Council, the Employment First Oversight Commission, and various Citizen Advisory Committees. the Pennsylvania Cyber Charter Schools Transition Council, Pathways to Partnership Advisory Committee further expanding its role in statewide transition and employment initiatives.
D. Information Disseminated To The Public By Your Agency
0
1
0
11316
12
0
not applicable
E. Information Disseminated About Your Agency By External Media Coverage
CAP expanded its outreach through the distribution of rack cards by Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) offices, service providers, and CAP staff at conferences and exhibits. CAP also disseminated its Guide to Self-Advocacy to community members to promote awareness and empowerment. In addition, CAP was featured in the Pennsylvania School for the Deaf newsletter, further increasing visibility among key stakeholders.
Part II. Individual Case Services
A. Individuals served
124
81
205
0
90
B. Problem areas
52
124
97
13
3
43
7
18
C. Intervention Strategies for closed cases
3
40
58
14
0
0
115
D. Reasons for closing individuals' case files
74
19
1
0
0
17
0
4
0
0
0
0
n/a
E. Results achieved for individuals
27
2
3
5
55
22
1
0
0
0
n/a
Part III. Program Data
A. Age
10
61
52
64
18
205
B. Gender
94
111
0
0
205
C. Race/ethnicity of Individuals Served
19
1
0
53
0
118
11
3
D. Primary disabling condition of individuals served
6
14
1
0
2
4
35
4
5
13
1
4
6
6
2
3
0
1
4
7
25
19
5
0
8
8
4
0
2
11
0
0
4
1
205
E. Types of Individuals Served
21
3
166
4
4
7
Part IV. Systemic Activities and Litigation
A. Non-Litigation Systemic Activities
1
CAP staff provided formal input to the state vocational rehabilitation (VR) agency, the Office of Vocational Rehabilitation (OVR), regarding the use of Trial Work Experiences (TWE) and the significant delays applicants experienced prior to eligibility determination. In response, OVR established a revised process that presumes applicant competence and expedites eligibility determinations. This approach enables eligible individuals to access VR services to assess their capacity to benefit from services. Additionally, OVR implemented a policy allowing the use of Trial Work Experiences at any stage of the VR process when an individual is not demonstrating benefit from services, with defined requirements for implementation by district offices.
B. Litigation
0
0
0
Part V. Agency Information
A. Designated Agency
External-other nonprofit agency
Center For Disability Law and Policy
No
n/a
B. Staff Employed
3 full-time professionals - 3 person years, 2 part-time, 1 full time equivalent, 1 Director, 3 CAP Advocates,
1 part-time clerical.
Part VI. Case Examples
Case Examples
1.
CAP assisted a male individual in his early 20s with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder who was employed in the financial services sector and seeking additional driver training through the Office of Vocational Rehabilitation (OVR). The individual experienced difficulty navigating road closures and detours due to disability-related challenges. Initially, OVR denied the request for additional driver training services, citing that similar services had been previously provided prior to the individual’s employment. Public transportation was offered as an alternative accommodation.
Following a review of the case, CAP determined that the proposed alternative was not appropriate. CAP consulted with the individual and his support system and identified that reliance on public transportation would require the individual to arrive at work significantly earlier than necessary, creating an undue burden. Additionally, while prior driver training enabled the individual to obtain a driver’s license, it did not address navigating road disruptions or traveling the specific route to his place of employment.
CAP presented these findings to OVR and advocated for additional driver training focused on navigating the individual’s work route and managing unexpected road conditions, emphasizing the necessity of this service to support the individual’s employment outcome. Upon further discussion, OVR approved and authorized the requested driver training services.
As a result, the individual successfully completed the training, maintained independent transportation, and retained competitive employment without reliance on public transportation or family assistance.
2.
CAP assisted a visually impaired woman in her 50s who sought vocational rehabilitation services to return to competitive employment as a Human Resources specialist. The individual was receiving services through the Bureau of Blindness and Visual Services (BBVS) and required updated computer training and assistive technology to perform essential job functions.
Due to staffing shortages, the case was managed on an overtime basis, resulting in limited counselor availability and delays in service provision. The individual expressed concern that her case was not progressing and that necessary services were not being implemented to support her employment goal.
CAP intervened by coordinating with BBVS to address service delays and identify appropriate supports. CAP advocated for updated computer training and evaluation for assistive technology, including Meta smart glasses. Because the technology was newly emerging, BBVS required additional guidance from central office to determine justification and provider availability.
As a result of CAP’s advocacy, BBVS obtained clarification and convened a joint meeting with the individual and CAP. During this meeting, an Individualized Plan for Employment (IPE) was developed and signed, incorporating both assistive technology evaluation and computer training services. Services were initiated shortly thereafter.
Through CAP’s involvement, barriers to service delivery were resolved, enabling the individual to engage in vocational rehabilitation services and move forward toward her employment goal as a Human Resources specialist.
3.
CAP assisted an individual who became blind in his late twenties and has co-occurring mental health conditions. He received services through the Bureau of Blindness and Visual Services (BBVS) and required multiple vocational rehabilitation services, including computer training, assistive technology (AT), orientation and mobility, vision rehabilitation, and adjustment-to-blindness training to support realistic employment goals.
The client and his mother contacted CAP due to concerns regarding an assistive technology provider who conducted an AT assessment and whom they believed discriminated against the client. Following this experience, the client experienced increased depression and reluctance to engage in services. His mother was highly distressed and focused on pursuing a complaint against the provider. This situation exacerbated the client’s mental health symptoms and created barriers to progressing with necessary rehabilitation services.
CAP intervened by coordinating multiple meetings with BBVS to rebuild trust between the client and the vocational rehabilitation counselor and to identify alternative service options. During the initial meeting, BBVS clarified that it was unable to address or investigate the discrimination allegation. CAP provided the client and his mother with appropriate contact information should they wish to pursue the matter independently.
As a result of CAP advocacy, the focus shifted toward forward-looking rehabilitation planning. The client gained a clearer understanding of the importance of engaging in training, assistive technology, and support services to promote independence and vocational readiness. CAP also assisted the client’s mother in understanding BBVS requirements regarding financial documentation, resulting in improved cooperation and progress toward compliance. An amended Individualized Plan for Employment (IPE) will be developed to include a new AT provider and additional services needed.
Through CAP’s involvement, barriers to service delivery were reduced, communication and trust between the client and BBVS improved, and the client demonstrated increased engagement in his rehabilitation process. The client’s mother also reported greater understanding of the value of focusing on vocational rehabilitation services rather than the prior service dispute.
4.
CAP assisted an individual who initially contacted the program seeking support with an appeal of the Office of Vocational Rehabilitation’s (OVR) denial of tools and equipment. The client had recently been released from incarceration and was highly motivated to reestablish stability and obtain employment. He was found eligible for OVR services based on a substance use disorder but had not yet developed an Individualized Plan for Employment (IPE). The client held construction-related certifications and identified a vocational goal of working as a handyman.
The client reported that a friend who owned a handyman business was willing to offer him employment but required the client to purchase specific tools and equipment prior to hire, including a chainsaw, miter saw, concrete saw, and scaffolding. The client requested that OVR fund these items. Following discussion and clarification of OVR’s Placement Equipment Policy, OVR determined that the request did not meet policy requirements and was not an appropriate option given the employment arrangement, resulting in the denial.
During CAP’s discussion with the client regarding the appeal, alternative vocational options were explored. One option identified was for the client to establish his own handyman and salvage business. To support informed decision-making, CAP provided the client with OVR’s recently amended Small Business Policy and reviewed its requirements and expectations.
CAP engaged in multiple follow-up discussions with the client, during which he determined that self-employment was a more appropriate and sustainable option. CAP advocated this approach and assisted the client throughout the Small Business Policy process. This included facilitating OVR’s connection with the local Small Business Development Center (SBDC), identifying additional available resources, and participating in meetings with the client, OVR, and the SBDC to support development of the business plan. CAP also assisted the client in responding to policy-related questions and participated in feedback sessions leading up to the client’s presentation to the Small Business Committee.
CAP attended the Small Business Committee presentation to provide support and clarification as needed. Following revisions, the client’s business plan was approved.
As a result of CAP advocacy, the client received approximately $30,000 in equipment necessary to establish his remodeling and salvage business, including the tools previously identified. These tools are now owned by the client and directly support his independent business operations. With CAP’s guidance, the client withdrew his appeal and is currently progressing successfully as a small business owner, representing a positive outcome for both the client and the vocational rehabilitation program.
Certification
Reports are to be submitted to RSA within 90 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this report. Please be reminded that you can enter data directly into the RSA website via the internet. Information on transmittal of the form is found on pages 19 and 20 of the reporting instructions.
Name and Title of Authorized Certifying Official
I agree to submit this form by electronic means. By signing this form electronically, I certify under penalty of perjury that my answers are correct and complete to the best of my knowledge. I understand that an electronic signature has the same legal meaning and can be enforced in the same way as a written signature.
Stephen S. Pennington
Pres./CEO
Yes
2026-01-23
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